Thus most of the time, vaginal discharge is perfectly normal. The amount, odor and color can vary depending on the time in your menstrual cycle. There will be more discharge if you are ovulating, breastfeeding, or are sexually aroused. The smell may be different if you are pregnant or you haven't been diligent about your personal hygiene. However, if the color, smell, or consistency seems significantly unusual, especially if accompanied by itching or burning, you could be having an infection or other condition.
Abnormal discharge is caused by an imbalance of normal vaginal bacteria. This may be caused by antibiotic use; birth control pills; sexually transmitted infections (for example Chlamydia or gonorrhea); Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); fungal (yeast infections) and general disease conditions like diabetes. Vaginal douching, scented soaps and bubble baths can also affect the normal vaginal bacterial balance. A forgotten tampon and rarely cervical or vaginal cancer can cause excessive discharge.
Abnormal discharge is characterized by excessive secretions, changes in color and smell of the discharge; and sometimes itching and burning sensations. Bloody or brown discharge may be due to irregular menstrual cycles, while a thick and cheesy white discharge implies a fungal infection. Grayish and yellow discharge, often with a fishy smell may imply a condition called Bacterial Vaginosis. Usually, a sample of the discharge is sent to the laboratory for further tests.
There are several things you can do to reduce the risks of abnormal vaginal discharge. Keep the vagina clean by washing regularly with gentle, mild soap and warm water. Do not douche. While many women feel cleaner if they douche after menstruation or intercourse, it may actually worsen vaginal discharge because it removes healthy bacteria lining the vagina. Limit the use of scented soaps and bubble baths. And always wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from getting into the vagina. Wear loose cotton underpants; avoid underwear made of silk or nylon, these materials are not very absorbent and restrict airflow. Use condoms to avoid catching or spreading sexual infections. Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays, fragrances, or powders in the genital area.
Treatment for an abnormal discharge depends on the specific cause. This may range from anti-fungal to antibiotics, either inserted into the vagina or occasionally taken by mouth. If the cause is a sexual infection, your sexual partner may also need treatment.